What Causes Gum Disease?

Gum disease is caused by a buildup of plaque (a sticky form of bacteria that forms on the teeth). If the plaque is not removed, it will continue to build up and create toxins that can damage the gums. Periodontal disease forms just below the gum line and creates small pockets that separate the gums from the teeth. Periodontal disease has two stages:

• Gingivitis: This is the early stage of gum disease, when the gums become red and swollen, and bleed easily. At this stage, the disease is treatable and can usually be eliminated by daily brushing and flossing.
• Periodontitis: If left untreated, gingivitis will advance into periodontitis, and the gums and bone that support the teeth will become seriously and irreversibly damaged. Gums infected with periodontitis can cause teeth to become loose, fall out, or be removed.

Symptoms of Periodontal Disease

• Bleeding gums – Gums should never bleed, even when you brush vigorously or use dental floss.
• Loose teeth – Also caused by bone loss or weakened periodontal fibers (fibers that support the tooth to the bone).
• New spacing between teeth – Caused by bone loss.
• Persistent bad breath – Caused by bacteria in the mouth.
• Pus around the teeth and gums – Sign that there is an infection present.
• Receding gums – Loss of gum around a tooth.
• Red and puffy gums – Gums should never be red or swollen.
• Tenderness or Discomfort – Plaque, calculus, and bacteria irritate the gums and teeth.

Phase 1 Periodontal Care

Our practice provides Phase I periodontal care to treat gingivitis and gum disease in its earliest stage. Phase 1 periodontal care is primarily education-based, aimed at informing patients about the cause and progression of gum disease, risk factors, and treatment options should the problem worsen. In Phase 1 treatment, Dr. Denison may use non-surgical methods such as scaling and root planing to control inflammation. To reduce the effect of bacteria on the gum and bone tissue and prevent infection, he may prescribe antibiotics that are placed in the periodontal pockets after treatment. If needed, he may also replace or repair missing or damaged restorations and perform endodontic treatment.

Preventing Gum Disease

Regular dental checkups and periodontal examinations are important for maintaining the health of your smile, as well as your overall health. By practicing good oral hygiene at home, you can significantly reduce your chances of ever getting gum disease. Remember to brush regularly, floss between your teeth, eat a balanced diet, and schedule regular dental visits to help keep your smile healthy.